How does a diabetic coma occur?

A diabetic coma occurs primarily due to high blood sugar levels combined with a lack of insulin. When insulin is insufficient, glucose cannot effectively enter the cells of the body, leading to an excess amount of glucose in the bloodstream. This condition is known as hyperglycemia. As the blood sugar level rises, the body may begin to break down fats for energy, which leads to the production of acids known as ketones. If ketones accumulate to high levels, it can result in a serious condition called diabetic ketoacidosis, which can lead to a diabetic coma if not treated promptly.

Moreover, the severe hyperglycemia can cause significant electrolyte imbalances and dehydration due to the body's attempt to rid itself of the excess sugar through urine. This further complicates the situation, potentially leading to loss of consciousness or coma. Understanding that a lack of insulin in the presence of high glucose levels is the underlying cause is crucial in recognizing the mechanics of a diabetic coma and the importance of managing diabetes effectively to prevent such critical conditions.