What does the abbreviation 's.c.' refer to in medical terms?

The abbreviation 's.c.' stands for subcutaneous, which refers to the administration of medication into the layer of fat and tissue just beneath the skin. This route is commonly used for vaccines, insulin, and other medications that need to be absorbed more slowly than those injected directly into the muscle or bloodstream. By delivering medication in this way, it allows for a gradual absorption, which can be critical for certain treatments.

In contrast, the other options describe different methods of administration. Injecting into the vein involves intravenous (IV) administration, which provides rapid effects. Orally administered medications are taken by mouth and processed through the digestive system, while topical treatments are applied directly to the skin for localized effects. Each route has its specific uses and pharmacological considerations, making subcutaneous injection a unique and effective method for certain medications.